Forms of the verb

Topic 1

Forms of the Verb

There are 4 Forms of Verb:

     F1  =  Base Form;  F2  =  Present Participle

     F3  =  Simple Past Form;  F4  =  Past Participle

There are Regular and Irregular Forms of the Verb.

Forms of the Verb  ------------ Regular and Irregular

In Regular Forms of the Verb, we only add ‘ed’ to F1 to form F3 and F4.

In Irregular Forms of the Verb, there are different forms for F3 and F4.

        F1                      F2                    F3                     F4

1.     bear              bearing                  bore              *borne

2.     wear             wearing                  wore               worn

3.     tear               tearing                   tore                torn

4.     become         becoming                became           become  

5.     come             coming                   came              come

6.     begin             beginning*              began             begun  (i – a - u) 

The vowel letter for the word ‘begin’ change from ‘i’ to ‘a’ in F3 and ‘u’ in F4.   The  other letters remain the same.                                           

7.     bend              bending                  bent               bent

8.     lend               lending                   lent                lent

9.     send              sending                   sent               sent

10.   spend             spending                 spent             spent

11.   bite                biting                      bit                 bitten

12.   hide               hiding                      hid                hidden

13.   bleed             bleeding                  bled               bled

14.   feed              feeding                    fed                 fed

15.   blow              blowing                   blew               blown

16.   grow             growing                   grew               grown

17.   fly                 flying                      flew                 flown

18.   break            breaking                  broke               broken

19.   speak            speaking                  spoke               spoken

20.   bring             bringing                   brought            brought

21.   buy               buying                     bought             bought

22.   think             thinking                   thought             thought

23.   fight              fighting                   fought               fought

24.   build             building                   built                   built        

25.   catch             catching                  caught               caught

26.   teach             teaching                  taught               taught

27.   choose           choosing                 chose                chosen

28.   creep             creeping                  crept                 crept

29.   keep              keeping                   kept                  kept

30.   kneel             kneeling                   knelt                 knelt

31.   dig                digging*                  dug                   dug                           1

32.   do                 doing                       did                   done

33.   draw             drawing                   drew                 drawn

34.   drink             drinking                   drank                drunk  (i – a - u)

35.   drive             driving                     drove                driven  (i - o)

36.   fall                falling                      fell                    fallen

37.   bind              binding                   bound                bound

38.   find               finding                     found                found

39.   wind              winding                   wound               wound

40.   get                getting                     got                   got

41.   forget            forgetting                 forgot               forgotten

42.   give               giving                      gave                 given

43.   forgive           forgiving                  forgave             forgiven  (i - a)

44.  freeze             freezing                   froze                 frozen

(A verb which is ended in ‘e’ just drop ‘e’ and add ‘ing’ like No. 11, 12, 27, 

 35, 41, 42, 43 and the like. )

45.    go                  going                       went               gone

46. a) hang (a thing) hanging                    hung              hung              

     b) hang ( a man) hanging                  hanged             hanged

47.  have                having                    had                  had

48.  hear                 hearing                     heard                heard

49.  hold                holding                      held                  held  (o - e)

50.  lay                   laying                        laid                   laid

51.  say                  saying                        said                  said

52.  pay                  paying                       paid                  paid

53.  lead                 leading                       led                    led

54.  leave                leaving                        left                   left

55.  lie                    lying                           lay                   lain

56.  lie                    lying                          lied                   lied

57.  die                   dying                         died                  died

58.  tie                    tying                          tied                   tied

59.  light                 lighting                       lit                       lit    

60.  lose                 losing                          lost                    lost       

61.  make               making                        made                 made

62.  meet               meeting                      met                    met

63.  ride                 riding                         rode                   ridden (i - o)

64.  rise               rising                          rose                   risen   (i - o)

65.  saw              sawing                        sawed                 sawn

66.  sew              sewing                        sewed                 sewn

67.  sow              sowing                        sowed                 sown

68.  see               seeing                         saw                     seen

69.  sell               selling                         sold (old)             sold

70.  tell                telling                         told                     told

71.  shake            shaking                       shook                  shaken                   2

72.  take              taking                         took                     taken

73.  shine             shining                       shone      (one)      shone

74.  shoot             shooting                     shot                      shot

75.  show             showing                      showed                 shown

76.  sing             singing                        sang                       sung (i – a - u)

77.  ring              ringing                        rang                      rung

78.  sink              sinking                        sank                      sunk

79.  sit                sitting                          sat                        sat

80.  stand            standing                      stood                     stood

81.  understand   understanding         understood                  understood

82.  steal             stealing                       stole                      stolen

83.  strike            striking                        struck                    struck

84.  swell             swelling                       swelled                  swollen

85.  swim            swimming                    swam                     swum (i - a - u)

86.  win              winning                        won                       won

                                                                                               

In the following verbs, F3 and F4 are the same as F1.

1.  burst             bursting                       burst                 burst

2.  hurt               hurting                        hurt                  hurt

3.  cost               costing                        cost                   cost

4.  cut                cutting                         cut                    cut

5.  put                putting                        put                    put

6.  shut              shutting                       shut                   shut

7.  hit                 hitting                         hit                      hit

8.  split               splitting                       split                   split   

9.    let               letting                          let                      let

10.  set              setting                          set                     set    

11.  read            reading                         read                   read

12.  spread         spreading                     spread                spread

Regular Forms of the Verb

When the letter before ‘y’ is ‘a, e, i, o, or u’,  just add ‘ed’ to the word.

1.  enjoy           enjoying                    enjoyed             enjoyed

2.  employ        employing                  employed          employed

3.  play               playing                     played              played

4.  pray              praying                      prayed            prayed

5.  delay             delaying                    delayed           delayed

6.  relay             relaying                      relayed           relayed

When the letter before ‘y’ is a consonant letter,  drop ‘y’ and add ‘ied’.

1.  bury              burying                       buried            buried

2.  carry             carrying                     carried             carried

3.  copy              copying                      copied            copied                          3

4.  cry                crying                         cried              cried

5.  fry                frying                          fried               fried

6.  hurry            hurrying                      hurried            hurried

7.  marry           marrying                     married            married

8.  reply            replying                       replied             replied

9.  study            studying                      studied             studied

10.  try              trying                          tried                 tried

B.  Regular Forms of Verb

At least 90 % - 95% of the Verbs, we only have to add ‘ed’ to F1 to form F3 and F4.

Here are just the few samples of the verbs.  If the verb ended in ‘e’, just add ‘d’ to the word just as No. 1, 3

1.  achieve          achieving           achieved             achieved

2.  add               adding               added                 added

3.  advise           advising             advised               advised                   

4.  agree*           agreeing            agreed                agreed                      

(Any verb with ‘ee’, just add ‘ing’ to form F2 and ‘d’ to form F3 and F4.)

5.  allow            allowing              allowed                allowed

6.  amend          amending           amended              amended

7.  announce      announcing         announced           announced 

8.  appoint         appointing          appointed             appointed  

9.  appear          appearing          appeared               appeared

10.  arrange        arranging          arranged                arranged    

11.  arrive           arriving             arrived                   arrived

12.  bake             baking              baked                    baked

13.  behave         behaving           behaved                 behaved

14.  believe         believing            believed                 believed

15.  breathe        breathing           breathed                breathed

16.  cane            caning               caned                     caned

17.  change        changing            changed                 changed

18.  cheat           cheating             cheated                 cheated

19.  claim           claiming              claimed                 claimed

20.  close           closing                closed                   closed

21.  compare      comparing           compared              compared

22.  compete      competing           competed              competed

23.  continue      continuing           continued              continued

24.  count          counting              counted                 counted

25.  cope           coping                 coped                    coped

26.  dance         dancing                danced                  danced

27.  divide         dividing                divided                  divided

28.  escape       escaping               escaped                 escaped

29.  exchange    exchanging           exchanged             exchanged

30.  fix              fixing                    fixed                     fixed                                      4

31.  hand          handing                handed                  handed

32.  head          heading                headed                   headed

33.  hope          hoping                  hoped                    hoped        

34.  jump         jumping                 jumped                  jumped 

35.  laugh        laughing                 laughed                 laughed

36.  live           living                      lived                      lived

37.  mention    mentioning              mentioned             mentioned

38.  prepare     preparing                prepared               prepared

39.  present     presenting               presented              presented

40.  object       objecting                 objected                objected

41.  queue       queuing                   queued                 queued

42.  return       returning                 returned                returned

43.  sweat       sweating                  sweated                sweated

44.  shout       shouting                   shouted                shouted                    

Root verb     F1                         F2                         F3                         F4

To-be           am /is/ are              being                     was/ were              been

Forms of the Verbs and Tenses

1.  F1 = base form / root verb                

     A.  Simple Present Tense                 B.  Simple Future         C.  Modal Verbs

     a)  Verb-to-be                                 a)  Verb-to-be                  can/could

          am/ is/ are                                      shall / will be               may/might 

     b)  Ordinary Verbs                          b)  Ordinary Verbs            shall /should     F1

          He/ She/ It  F1 + s / es                    shall / will F1               will /would

          I/ We/ You/ You /They F1                                                  must

                                                                                                Ought to

2.  F2 à Continuous Tenses

     A.  Present Continuous Tense   

          am/ is / are  F2

     B.  Past Continuous Tense

          Was / were F2

     C.  Future Continuous Tense

          shall / will be F2

3.  F3 ----->  Simple Past Tense only

    

4.  F4 -----> Perfect Tenses

     A.  Present Perfect Tense       B.  Past Perfect Tense        C.  Future Perfect Tense

          a)  Verb-to-be        

               have/has been                  had been                         shall/ will have been     b)  Ordinary Verbs

               have / has F4                   had F4                            shall / will have F4                                      
 5.  F4 for all the finite and infinite verbs in the  passive voice .