Monday, 17 June 2013

Item 4



Item 4
The infinite verb ‘been’ is only used as a part of the verb.  You don’t see it used in other ways.  So it is only used in the Perfect Tenses and Perfect Continuous Tenses in  the Active Voice and Passive Voice.

Perfect Tenses
                Present Perfect           Past Perfect               Future Perfect
Active       i)  Verb-to-be             
Voice         have/has been           had been                   will have been
               
               ii)  Ordinary Verb
                  have/has F4             had F4                      will have F4

Passive      have been F4             had been F4              will have been F4
Voice
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Gina has told (us)( a humorous story).
a)    We have been told ( a humorous story) by Gina.
b)  A humorous story has been told to us by Gina.

This sentence has 2 objects: direct object (a humorous story) and indirect object (us).  So, we can express the sentence in two ways.   However,  if a Direct object is used as the subject of the sentence, you need to use a suitable preposition to connect Direct object.

Perfect Continuous Tenses
There is no Passive Voice in Perfect Continuous Tenses.
Present Perfect Continuous               Past Perfect Continuous      Future Perfect Continuous
    have/has been F2           had been F2              will have been F2

He has been waiting here to meet the principal since 2 pm.  Where is our principal?
(He has been waiting here to meet the principal for two hours.)
If he waits for another half an hour, he will have been waiting here for 2 and a half hours.  What a long wait it is!
Jack had been playing games with his friends before they went for a swim in a stream.

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